Compare & Contrast Han and Rome Essay Example for Free

Compare Contrast Han and Rome Essay When Han China and Imperial Rome are compared, one can find both similarities and differences in terms of techniques of imperial administration. A similarity would be that both are bureaucracies. However, both are also different. One major difference is that Han China had the civil service exams. They also differed because Han China had a much greater emphasis on religion than the Romans. These differences led to very different futures for the two empires, both of which were among the strongest in the world at the time. The first comparison is that both Han China and Imperial Rome were bureaucracies. They had a sole ruler, but they had many others governing specific portions of the empire. This allowed for the empire as a whole to be in better shape. This is due to the fact that a more localized ruler would better know both the area and its needs. They would also be more dedicated to their job as they would be managing the area they live in, so every decision they make would impact not only their life but possibly the lives of family living in the regions they are governing. The empires would be much worse off if they had their single ruler managing everything, as they would not fully understand the needs of the areas, nor would they care as much as they would most likely have no personal ties to those regions. Due to this, both empires were much more powerful and well organized. Another comparison is that Han China had the civil service exams, while Imperial Rome had nothing similar. The exam allowed for overall better governing and management of the empire. This is because the examination filtered out those who were unqualified for those positions and instead filled them with intelligent people who could do good for the empire. If they let unqualified people in that would greatly increase poor management because they would not be knowledgeable enough to make decisions that would benefit not only that one area, but the empire as a whole. Without the civil service exams, many unqualified people entered positions of power in Rome, and so there were many problems. The final comparison is that Han China had a greater emphasis on religion than Imperial Rome. In Han China, this was found in the mandate of heaven,  the structure of family found in the government, and that to get a good job in the government one needed to be educated in Confucianism. When the Han first took power, they incorporated the mandate of heaven into Confucian values, If the ruler was a good ruler, then they were supported by the heavens. Confucianism also led to the family hierarchy becoming the basis for government structure. Subjects owed the emperor the same obedience that they gave to their fathers. Religion was also important because one needed to be knowledgeable in Confucianism to get a good job, as the tests were mainly based off of Confucian texts. Rome, on the other hand, had no real religion within the government. While both Han China and Imperial Rome were different in terms of imperial administration because of Han China’s civil service exam, as well as Han China’s focus on religion, they are still similar due to the fact that they are bureaucracies. Even so, these differences and more led to very different futures for both empires, neither of which ended very well.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study Research

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study Research Introduction This work is to present the case study as a research approach, showing that its characterization is not an easy task, due mainly to its many different approaches and applications. It highlights its increasing importance as a research tool, exploring its origins, meanings and delineation as an investigation methodology. In order to demonstrate its application, it indicates its most common advantages and constraints, stressing the important role played by the researcher, who must be careful about generalizations, striving constantly for scientific rigor in the treatment of the subject. The case study method is considered a kind of qualitative analysis (GOODE, 1962) and has been considered, according to Yin (1994, p. 10): the weaker brother of the methods of Social Sciences. But despite the weaknesses and limitations, the case study has had widely use not only in social research, but also as a modality research, with applications in many other areas or in disciplines that has a strong orientation to legal practice and administration, besides being used for the preparation of theses and dissertations. The main objective of this work is to present the case study method as a research approach and to consider issues relevant for the conduct using this method, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in light of the kinds of problems and questions to be answered. Case study can accomplish many of the same goals as other methods. For example, the case study can be exploratory (create new knowledge), constructive (solve some problem), or confirmatory (test a hypothesis with empirical evidence). The case study can also use either a primary (the researcher collects the data) or secondary (the researcher uses someone elses data) approach. In the view of Yin, à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"the case study represents an empirical research that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, and includes a method comprehensive, with the logic of planning, gathering and data analysis.à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  Can include both single case studies as multiple, as well as quantitative approaches and qualitative research. (Yin 1994 p.23), help us, he says, to understand and distinguish the case study method to other research strategies such as the historical method and in-depth interview, the experimental method and survey. The method often is presented as being more appropriate for exploratory research and particularly useful for hypothesis generation and this may have contributed to complicate the understanding of what the study method cases, how it is designed and conducted. (Yin, 1994) According to different authors, the case study has originated in medical research and psychological research, with analysis in detail of an individual case that explains the dynamics and pathology of a given disease. With this procedure it is assumed that one can acquire knowledge of the phenomenon studied from intense exploration of a single case. Besides the medical and psychological, it became a major methods of qualitative research in human and social sciences. Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Study Research Cast in a narrative format, descriptive case studies can make complex science and technology projects accessible and interesting to a non-scientist audience. The potential scope of the case study format is flexible and broad, ranging from brief descriptive summaries to long, detailed accounts. Using a storytelling approach, the evaluator may present the genesis of ideas, explore what happened and why, give an account of the human side of a project, explain goals, explore project dynamics, investigate particular phenomenon, and present outcomes in their complexity without being subject to the confines inherent in most other evaluation methods. The freedom to collect multiple kinds of information makes the case study method useful for exploring ideas and constructing theories about program or project dynamics. Despite its advantages, the case study method is traditionally considered to have several major limitations as an evaluation tool. Descriptive case studies are qualitative and unreliable. And, whether qualitative or quantitative, case studies typically relate to single projects, or, at best, small clusters of projects, such that their results usually cannot be generalized to the entire portfolio of projects. Noting that distinguished scholars frequently use case study as a method of analysis, Yin, in his landmark book on case studies, asks, If the case study method has serious weaknesses, why do investigators continue to use it? (Yin, 1994) Among the possible explanations Yin considers are that people are not trained in the use of other methods, or, for governmentally sponsored research, that the difficult permission procedures required for surveys and questionnaires have made their use a bureaucratically hazardous affair, leading researchers to the case study method, which is relatively unencumbered by restrictions and requirements. Identifying three types of case studies à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ descriptive, exploratory, and explanatory, Yin argues that the case study method qualifies as a serious research tool. He states, In general, case studies are the preferred strategy when how or why questions are being posed, when the investigator has little control over events, and when the focus is on a contemporary phenomenon within some real-life context. (Yin 1994 p.1) One of the biggest disadvantages to using the case study method has to do with external vs. internal validity. Using the case study method, the researcher often does not have control over certain variables and events and, therefore, cannot control them as the researcher could in a lab experiment Consequently, the researcher using the case study method must be content that his/her findings may only be applicable to similar cases. What the case study gains in internal validity, it loses in external validity. Construct validity is especially problematic in case study research. It has been a source of criticism because of potential investigator subjectivity. Yin proposed three remedies to counteract this: using multiple sources of evidence, establishing a chain of evidence, and having a draft case study report reviewed by key informants. Internal validity is a concern only in causal (explanatory) cases. This is usually a problem of inferences in case studies, and can be dealt with using pattern-matching, which has been described above. (Yin 1994) External validity deals with knowing whether the results are generalizable beyond the immediate case. Some of the criticism against case studies in this area relate to single-case studies. However, that criticism is directed at the statistical and not the analytical generalization that is the basis of case studies. Reliability is achieved in many ways in a case study. One of the most important methods is the development of the case study protocol. The secondary data is data previously gathered and recorded by other researchers. There are many advantages and disadvantages to using secondary data for research purposes. One of the most important advantages is the fact that a research can be built on previous research using required experience and knowledge. Moreover, secondary data are usually much cheaper than primary data and very often is freely provided. In addition to this, the collection of secondary data can be extremely rapid due to high-tech information accessibility and other media. However, the disadvantages of secondary data are equally very important and it must be gathered and used carefully. In most cases such data have been taken during past research with a specific target and this may not link with other research. Therefore, the circumstances under which secondary data have been created should be examined in detail; otherwise it has no value at all for further research (Zikmund, 2003). When a researcher uses this kind of data he/she should be aware of the time period these data refer to. Another disadvantage of secondary data is that researchers sometimes give different definitions for the same problem making the estimation of the final research result confusing. In addition, there can be many other difficulties when using secondary data. The researcher has to know extensive details about the process which has produced the data, such as the samples that have been used and whether the process has taken all the necessary into account. In many cases, adequate information is very difficult to be found or even impossible (Zikmund, 2003). Quantitative data also has advantages and disadvantages. A major advantage is that it is numerous and it is easily understood. Furthermore, the results are subjective. This means that if it is a result of a large sample, this result can be generally applied and it is scientific. Another great advantage is that quantitative data is considered as reliable. This means that if a researcher repeats research following the same process, he will find the same results. A major disadvantage of this kind of data is that they are narrow. In other words, it represents a reality without providing any explanation for the result. In a way, it gives picture of the symptoms and not the real problem. Qualitative data also has advantages and disadvantages. A major advantage is that produces more in-depth, comprehensive information. It emphasizes the importance of looking at variables in the natural setting in which they are found. Use subjective information and participant observation to describe the context, of natural setting, of the variables under consideration, as well as the interaction of different variables in context. A major disadvantage of this type of data is that the very subjectivity of the inquiry leads to difficulties in establishing the reliability and validity of the approaches and information. It is very difficult to prevent or detect researcher induced bias. Its scope is limited due to the in-depth, comprehensive data gathering approaches required. In conclusion this work presents some discussion of case study in terms of its advantages and disadvantages. Case studies are considered valuable in research as they enable researchers to examine data at depth analysis. As an alternative to quantitative or qualitative research, case studies can be a practical solution when a large sample population is difficult to gain. Although case studies have various advantages, in that they present data of real-life situations and they provide better understandings into the detailed behaviours of the topics of interest. The case study method, like all research methods, is more appropriate for some situations than others. When deciding to use this method of research, an investigator should keep in mind the dangers and criticisms that are usually made to the method in question and must take precautions and care necessary to avoid them or minimize their consequences. Nevertheless, the Case Study Method offers significant opportunities for the researcher; it may facilitate the study of many cases that wanted to be investigated. This method, as well as qualitative methods is useful when the phenomenon being studied is large and complex, where the body of knowledge is insufficient to support the proposition of causal questions, and where the phenomenon cannot be studied outside the context where it naturally occurs. The researcher must use the designated data gathering tools systematically and properly in collecting the evidence and need to define its object study, the type of research focus, control that the investigator has over actual issues, and the focus on contemporary phenomenon rather than historical and, from there, build a research process, limiting the universe to be studied. Throughout the design phase, researchers must ensure that the study is well constructed to ensure construct validity, internal validity, external validity, and reliability. A common point among several authors (GOODE, 1962 and Yin, 1994) is a recommendation for great care when the design phase, researchers must ensure that the study is well constructed to ensure construct validity, internal validity, external validity, and reliability. Like all research has advantages and limitations of its application, and deserves the care needed when the search for generalizations. Case study method has always been criticised for its lack of rigour and the tendency for a researcher to have a biased interpretation of the data. But despite the criticisms, weaknesses and limitations, the case study has had widely used in all areas. However, its importance is undeniable as an instrument research and the study should be located in academic discussion. External validity reflects whether or not findings are generalizable beyond the immediate case or cases; the more variations in places, people, and procedures a case study can withstand and still yield the same findings, the more external validity. Techniques such as cross-case examination and within-case examination along with literature review help ensure external validity. Reliability refers to the stability, accuracy, and precision of measurement. Exemplary case study design ensures that the procedures used are well documented and can be repeated with the same results over and over again.

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental Illness

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental Illness In this assignment, nursing assessments and interventions for a geriatric client suffering from long term mental illness, depression and suicidal tendencies is studied with reference to relevant theories, nursing assessments and interventions. Systematic approach of studying nursing process will be explained along with a role of mental health nurse in care assessment of the patient. There are four stages which are identified in the nursing process that are assessment of patient, planning of care, implementing care which is designed and evaluating the care against the interventions designed. A well-developed problem solving structure will be designed in order to layout, structure, present and organise a nursing intervention based on the assessment of the case study. In the first section, a detailed price of a client will be given. The following section will describe a well-planned nursing health assessment followed by interventions and approaches. In the entire nursing plan, it is mad e sure that client is totally involved so that he can be educated and empowered. In addition, nursing plan would be based on person centred approach and interventions will mainly be based on evidences observed trough the client. In a accordance with the confidentiality criteria developed by nursing and midwifery council, a pseudonym will be given to the patient analysed in the case study by the name (Jane). Jane, a 79 year old female was admitted in a mental nursing ward after a week of regular medical check-up. On admission, she was diagnosed of abdominal pain and temperature. She was described as confused, disoriented and adamant to leave her house. She was single without any close acquaintances living nearby. One of her relative who stays far away believes that she is depressed and required regular, dedicated care in a facility. When her neighbours were contacted, they expressed that she began to feel isolated after three of her friends who used to accompany her to day centre passed away. They also said that Jane was terrified with a thought of leaving her home and joining a residential unit. Further evaluation of Jane revealed that she has not been eating properly, not been taking care of herself hygiene and the hygiene of surroundings. In addition, it was also reported that she had arthritis which lowered her mobility due to which she did not take liquids in the evening with fear o f moving in the night. Although treated for her UTI with antibiotics, her other symptoms continued to progress and detailed evaluation of her medical condition revealed that she was suffering from depressive illness. Nursing assessment revealed that the mon conditions from which Jane was suffering are poor hygiene, reduced appetite, loneliness, lack of interest in life and unwillingness to move out of home with a feeling of insecurity. In order to improve Janes situation, the primary assessment done wad a good psychosocial assessment which is believed to aid the patient as therapeutic tool where patients could express their concerns to an external person seeking possible help (Rose and Barnes, 2008). This assessment is regarded to be patient centred and important in developing a well evaluated care plan which would favour and stabilise condition of James. This assessment utilised recovery model intervention in which clients explored their feelings, thoughts and ability to discover their illness and motivate themselves to improve their life (Repper and Perkings, 2007). Presenting the conditions and symptoms of Jane, it was observed that her depression score was 19/21 based on the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1971). These high scores revealed that any kind of self-report interventions designed in these cases are often unhelpful as the clients in these conditions either under present their symptoms or mislead evaluators in order to reduce their depression score whereby they could avoid facing further interventions.(Castillo, 2003). Therefore, Department of Health suggested the assessors to use proper assessments that would target the patients care strategy. It was also suggested that evaluation of proper interventions would reduce demand for any extra services. According to Beck et al (1998), the dimensions of health involves being spiritual, biological, cultural and social. In this particular intervention of nursing, the health of Jane and his social wellbeing can be improved with the help of a nurse. In implementing the strategies of intervention, it is highly necessary for the nurses to follow the approach of problem solving Mathews (1996). So in order to perform an intervention of nursing on providing good care on Jane, the process of nursing is utilized by the mental health nurses. According to Allen (1991), in providing good care for the patients, the nursing process involves problem solving approach. It involves four stages of step by step process. In planning proper care to the patients, hierarchy of needs by Maslowà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s(1954) acts as a guide to the nurse. All human necessities are addressed in this. Pillings (1991) explained that it is very important to make sure that all the patients’ needs are fulfilled irrespective of their health. Regardless of the wellbeing, considerable data regarding human necessities were explained by Abraham Maslow. The rationale involved in Maslowà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢shierarchy of needs as a tool of assessment is that, it is highly important to first address the physiological needs of the patient. If the nurse fails to do so it may lead to the death of the patient. So in the present case study, the nurse assessed that Jane did not have the ability to suffice his physiological requirements rather than his other necessities. Jane would not be able to possess self-esteem if Jane’s physiological requirements like unhealthy eating and poor hygiene were not addressed. In the process of assessment, the nurse identified few physiological needs that are important. They are unhealthy eating habits, high alcohol intake, suicidal thoughts, poor hygiene etc. A framework model is considered as an artifact that adds up points to new thoughts and ideas Roper et al (1983). According to Newton (1991), a model is defined as gathering of mental images that depicts the nursing responsibilities of a nurse. This model helps in providing direction and structure to fulfill its goal. Roper, Logan and Tierneyà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s(1983) Activities of Daily Living is the model of nursing that is chosen for the present intervention. This particular model was chosen as it utilizes the systematic approach and implements Maslow model by first emphasizing on physiological necessities. So in the present case study, the activities of health promotion were planned by the nurse to improve the health of James and prevent further deterioration. According to Kemn and Close (1995), definitions and approaches of health promotion, the health promotion is defined as involving the activities that are necessary to prevent illness and disease and in improving the community’s wellbeing. Jane was explained about the process of intervention before initiating it. Thi s is based on the Newton model (1991) which explains the importance of autonomy and choice that should be given to the patient and should be given the freedom to take decisions where ever necessary and important. In the process of assessment four stages were worked out by the nurse based on the Roper, Logan and Tierney (1983) model. This was implemented by first gathering necessary data from Jane, reviewing the information that is collected and recognizing the problems which are in priority. Another important model that can be used in assessing the James health is the Oremas self-care model (1985). According to this model, in maintaining the health, life and wellbeing, activities were initiated and performed by the individuals. In the present case study of Jane, more prompting is required regarding his self-care. So this model could be utilized to support Jane to suffice his needs of personal cleansing without excess prompting. According to Brown (1995), Planning refers to the activ ity of the nurses which involves taking necessary actions that are required based on the recognized needs. During the process of planning it is important for the care nurses and clients to give a thought on goals aims and their objectives. According to Ewles and Simnett (1999), an aim refers to the outcomes that are achieved on long term in a particular time period. In the case of Jane, the primary objective is to make him understand the necessity of taking healthy food with regards to his weight. Another objective is to make him aware of good hygiene with respect to his wellbeing and health. In the present case the goals that were established include: Make Jane to adopt health eating and develop healthy lifestyle by encouraging him, make Jane to practice good hygiene to prevent him from diseases. The objectives are required to be time framed, realistic, achievable, measurable and specific (Fawcett et al 1997). Objective refers to the process that is intended by the teacher to achieve Kiger et al (1995). In this case Jane is allowed to eat only limited food during his meal. He is take proper care to avoid diabetes. He is made to perform his daily routines like bathing himself, changing the socks and putting in the laundry etc. The nurse that is concerned with taking care of Jane would conduct one to one sessions so as to develop healthy eating habits. The nurse would refer Jane to dietician to solve the issues of overweight through diet. It is necessary for the staffs who are concerned with providing health care to Jane to attend training classes on healthy eating. Educative leaflets could be provided to Jane. The nurse would also take the opinion of James regarding the personal hygiene through open ended questions. It was observed that a felt need is expressed by Jane when he expressed feelings of faithlessness and confidence. From the detailed assessment of Jane and interventions applied by the staff, great knowledge and information on various aspects of care planning was learnt, analysed and understood. The care planning included detailed assessment which served to be one of the vital component in care planning. Next, in the planning stage, the evaluating nurse acquired a detailed understanding on the methods of addressing needs of the clients during which they took into consideration all the predetermining and necessary factors. The main factors which were taken in to account were the cognitive abilities of the people suffering with mental illness. The evaluating nurse regarded that communication with the patient is necessary at all times of delivery of care. In addition, it was also evaluated that good interpersonal skills are required for development of good holistic care. As a part of psychosocial individualized intervention, Jane was empowered and encouraged to engage in wide range of social activit ies where she can mingle with general population. Further, this essay has describes the various aspects that are involved in care planning. The essay has also laid emphasis on the imperative role of a mental health nurse in the management of health of people suffering with various kinds of mental illness. As suggested by the NMC in the year 2002, nurses should act proactively to pick, identify and reduce the risks to the clients. The whole assessment, evaluation and intervention prove that there are various things which are kept in kind before implementing a care process. In addition to the nursing process and care planning, there are other factors that include the nurse’s role, consent from the patient, multi-agency working and self-empowerment which aid in efficient care implementation

Dawn by Elie Wiesel Essay -- Dawn Elie Wiesel Essays

Dawn by Elie Wiesel In this report you will see the comparisons between the novel Dawn and the life of Elie Wiesel, its author. The comparisons are very visible once you learn about Elie Wiesel’s life. Elie Wiesel was born on September28,1928 in the town of Hungary. Wiesel went through a lot of hard times as a youngster. In 1944, Wiesel was deported by the nazis and taken to the concentration camps. His family was sent to the town of Auschwitz. The father, mother, and sister of Wiesel died in the concentration camps. His older sister and himself were the only to survive in his family. After surviving the concentration camps, Wiesel moved to Paris, where he studied literature at the Sorbonne from 1948-1951. Since 1949 he has worked as a foreign correspondant and journalist at various times for the French, Jewish, periodical, L’Arche, Tel-Aviv newspaper Yediot Ahronot, and the Jewish daily forward in New York City. Francois mauriac the Roman Catholic Nobelest and Nobel Laureate convinced Wie sel to speak about the Holocaust. Wiesel wrote an 800 page memoir which he later edited into a smaller version called "Night". In the mid 60’s Wiesel spoke out a lot about the Holocaust. Later on Wiesel emerged on as an important moral voice on Religious Issues and the Human Rights. Since 1988 Wiesel has been a professor at Boston University. Some of Wiesel’s greatest novels has been "Night", "Dawn", "The Accident", "The Town Beyond The Wall", "The Gates Of The Forest", "The Fifth Son"...

Mexico City Essay example -- History Geography Mexico Essays

Mexico City Like an enormous living museum, Mexico City provides an extraordinary showplace for the thousands of years of human cultural achievement that Mexico has attained. It ranks as one of the world's great capitals and is a must for anyone craving to understand Mexico's complex past, its fast-paced present, and its ever challenging future. The size and grandeur of the city are staggering. It is not only the oldest continuously inhabited city in the Western Hemisphere, but, by some accounts, has also become the largest city in the world. Before we look at present day Mexico City, let us look into it deep and storied past. La Ciudad de los Palacios   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mexico City was founded over 700 years ago by the Aztecs. Instructed by their god of war, Huitzilopochtli, they journeyed to Lake Texcoco, where they were to look for an eagle eating a snake perched on a cactus growing from a rock or cave surrounded by water. They found this in 1325, and so began the city of Tenochtitlan. Although the land surrounding them was marshy and snake infested, the Aztecs came up with an ingenious way a planting crops. They created chinampas, or floating gardens, by bunching twigs together and stacking mud on top. These gardens were placed in shallow lake areas and rooted down by the crops or small trees planted in the middle. The Aztecs were a very religious people, as well, and built many temples, including the great Templo Mayor. Cannibalism was a key element of their religion, as they believed that it was necessary to feed human hearts to the gods to ensure that the sun would rise everyday. The Aztecs would find these less than willin g human hosts in the numerous battles they fought. Due to an increasing population, estimated to be at 250,000 in the late 1400’s, the Aztecs were forced to expand their empire well beyond the cities original boundaries. As the Aztec warriors conquered these other outlying tribes, tribute payments were gained, leading to the cities massive wealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Aztecs lived like this for 200 years until Spanish settlers, under Hernan Cortes, came and conquered the Aztecs in 1521. The Spanish were in awe of the cities tremendous wealth, and, thanks to superior weapons and tactics, easily defeated the Aztecs. Upon victory, the Spanish were quick to raze the entire city. The city was rapidly reconstructed as a Spanish city, and in the 15... .... There are small salsa clubs and crowded discos, as well as live concerts featuring the world's most popular stars. Ballet, theatre, folkloric shows, opera and philharmonic orchestras are also common. Boxing and wrestling events are held on most weekend nights. At Garibaldi Plaza the numerous Mariachi bands often play into the wee hours of the morning. Mexico City is very old, the worlds largest city, the financial, political and cultural center of Mà ©xico, the nightlife capital of Mexico, one of the worlds great cities, one of the world's most difficult cities to drive in, filled with exciting things to see and do, and an energetic metropolis as well as an incredible place to visit. This is truly one of the most interesting and diverse cities in the world. Bibliography http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569238/Mexico_City.html http://www.allaboutmexicocity.com/allaboutmexicocity.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City http://www.tourbymexico.com/df/df.htm http://www.mexicocity.com.mx/mexcity.html http://www.go2mexicocity.com/ www.wikitravel.org/article/Mexico_City http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=mexico_city%401

Lord of the Flies Essay

The definition of an allegory is a â€Å"symbolic expression of meaning in story† (world English Dictionary). In the novel, The Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, is about a group of young British boys who get stranded on an island and have to survive themselves with no help from the outside world. This novel can be viewed as an allegory in three different ways, first as a political allegory, next as a psychological allegory and finally as a religious allegory. The Lord of the Flies can first be viewed as a political allegory. This is in comparison to World War II. At this time the world was divided into parts, the free world and the Soviet Union. In this novel it is just like how the island divided into two groups, Jack’s group and Ralph’s group. After the Cold War, the world was in fear of a nuclear destruction of the world. In The Lord of the Flies the world is also in fear of total destruction. In conclusion this novel could be used to compare wars or political separation with the outside world beyond the island the young British boys on. Second, this novel is a psychological allegory. Different characters were used to represent the different parts of the human psyche. Jack is used to represent the id, Piggy the superego and Ralph is the ego. As the id, Jack works to create his natural instinct. While Piggy, representing the superego, tries to control Jacks impulsive behavior his control back fires. Throughout the story, Piggy tries to keep peace between Jack and Ralph. Lastly, The Lord of the Flies, can be viewed as a religious allegory representing the Garden of Eden. The island was a perfectly livable island. It had food, warm weather, and a source of water. The snake in the Garden that lures Adam and Eve to eat the apple is just like the beastie who tricks the other boys to do what they aren’t supposed to do. While Piggy, his death, and the parachutist represent the fall mankind. Plus, Simon is kind of like a Christ figure who sacrifices himself to save the others. In conclusion, the book The Lord of the Flies is jam-packed with allegories. Whether it’s a political, psychological or religious allegory, the novel has far too many of examples to name them all.

Social Tension of the 1920s and Nativists

Christopher Nieves The social tension of the 1920s was to a large extent due to backlash from Nativists and the KKK towards immigrants. With the immigrant surge threatening jobs and tainting the white Anglo-Saxon society, the idea of nativism began to proliferate through the minds of native born Americans. Social conflicts often came to violent ends by the hands of members of the â€Å"Ku Klux Klan†, they too had a nativist mindset however they focused primarily on African Americans but harbored hatred towards anyone who is not of Anglo-Saxon descent.These two movements made for a dangerous society, and made matters even more difficult for penniless immigrants trying to survive. Starting up around 1890 but plateauing in the 1920s nativists and labor unions fought for immigration restriction. In 1921, an emergency immigration act was passed which established a quota system that decimated the amount of immigrants granted access to the States. America had never before seen such a surge of immigrants before, over 25million people over the course of thirty years, and this was the first time that Italians, Poles, Jews and Slavs had come to America in mass.Nativists worked to do anything they could to belay immigrant progress in society, and with the economic prosperity of the twenties they realigned their beliefs behind religious and racial nativism. Following the First World War, nativists throughout the twenties focused their attention of Catholics, Jews, and southeastern Europeans. These people were different than the immigrants that had come before in that they had much more difficulty assimilating with the language barrier and even in appearance. Difficulty communicating made getting a job and education much more difficult and for Hasidic Jews stood out with their distinct religious garb.When the migrants from England and Ireland and the like came over they could communicate much easier with Americans which significantly helped them out. Well over half of the American population before the immigrant surge could trace their lineage to either the British Isles or to Germany, these people also tended to be fair-skinned and Protestant. The racial concern of the anti-immigration movement was closely linked the eugenics movement that was gaining popularity in the twenties. Nativists grew more concerned with the racial purity of the United States, uch groups as the Ku Klux Klan were able to flourish as a result of this movement. The rebirth of the KKK or the second Klan was strongly due to the anti-immigrant attitude of America in the twenties, as it had basically died out after the civil war. They also tended to view the darker-skinned, Catholic or Jewish new immigrants as â€Å"inferior† and lacking the Anglo-Saxon temperament required to maintain a free society. Furthermore these â€Å"threats to society† lacked work ethic, self-discipline and could not be trusted not to throw their votes away to machine politics which wer e largely successful during this time period.The film The Birth of a Nation was released in 1915 glorified the KKK, and although its director didn’t intend to, the film helped gain the Klan popularity. At first the Klan like it always had focused on intimidating blacks, however focus turned towards Catholics, Jews and foreigners. The Klan devoted itself to purging American life basically of anyone not a white Anglo-Saxon, proving their devotion by lynching impure, foreign people and burning crosses.To say this hate was group engaged in â€Å"social conflicts† is an understatement. The economic prosperity of the â€Å"roaring twenties† overshadowed its escalating social tension. Although America was colonized by immigrants, the â€Å"nativist† movement worked to throttle immigration and ostracize migrants viewing them as impure and inferior. The hypocrisy of the entire movement is incredible. Extremist groups like the KKK took racism to a new level resorti ng to medieval tactics like lynching and cross burning.